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- MILESTONES, Page 77More Than a Heart WarmerFrank Capra: 1897-1991
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- By RICHARD SCHICKEL
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- Their basic business being the creation of images, not
- many movie directors contribute a word to the language, much
- less one that becomes one of the medium's reigning critical
- cliches. But Frank Capra did. The word, of course, is
- Capraesque.
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- To most people the term signifies almost any improbable
- but distinctly inspirational story in which an idealistic
- little guy, though his principles may briefly waver, ultimately
- triumphs first over self-doubt, then over the big, expedient
- guys determined to exploit him and his class. And to most people
- the movie that epitomizes all this is It's a Wonderful Life,
- Capra's 1946 fantasy about a man who falls into suicidal despair
- because he thinks he has accomplished nothing of value, but is
- rescued by a guardian angel who shows him, in a gloriously
- realized dream sequence, how miserable the lives of his town,
- his friends, his family would have been had he never existed to
- touch them with his goodness.
-
- The history of the picture itself is Capra esque. A flop
- on its release, it later fell out of copyright, and TV
- stations, looking for what to them was literally cheap Christmas
- sentiment, played it and played it until it became a Yuletide
- tradition and the one Capra movie everyone knows and loves.
-
- Which is too bad. For Capra was a moviemaker whose range
- and gifts far exceeded any one-word or one-picture definition
- of them. The emphasis on the heartwarming content of his films
- has obscured the sometimes heart-stopping skill with which he
- orchestrated his themes. In fact, it is because his technique
- was so sophisticated that he achieved the whopping suspensions
- of disbelief many of his stories required.
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- Not that there was anything cynical about Capra's belief
- in the Capraesque. A Sicilian immigrant who revered America for
- the opportunities it offered him and, during his youthful days
- as a door-to-door salesman, learned to love the common sense and
- common decency of its common people, Capra knew in his bones the
- kind of life he would later celebrate. He stumbled into the
- movies completely untutored, apprenticed as a gag writer in the
- silent comedy studios, and became a director working out of
- Columbia Pictures, then a poverty-row outfit desperate enough
- for hits to tolerate Capra's iron will, powerful ego and
- bustling ambition.
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- Honing his craft on tough-minded urban romances, comedies
- and social commentaries that are now (regrettably) almost
- forgotten, Capra crammed his frame with people who talked and
- moved just a little faster, a little more eccentrically than
- they did in real life. He achieved his breakthrough (and the
- first of his three Oscars) with his 24th film, It Happened One
- Night, which incidentally established romantic comedy as the
- 1930s' most characteristic genre.
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- The film's success gave him the clout, and the budgets, to
- make his great trilogy of Mr. Deeds Goes to Town (1936), Mr.
- Smith Goes to Washington (1939) and Meet John Doe (1941). These
- were little-guy pictures par excellence. But they were also
- movies tense with the awareness that the good nature and naivete
- of ordinary people leave them vulnerable to political and media
- manipulation, a theme Capra was among the first directors to
- explore. The movies were also magnificently made, each marked by
- wonderfully staged and edited sequences of volatile crowds --
- the great fascist rally in the rain in Meet John Doe being one
- of the truly privileged, truly alarming moments in movie
- history.
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- It's an irony that in Capra's last years, official,
- award-giving America insisted on honoring him as a man of simple
- sentiment and that he cheerfully went along with this reduced
- version of himself. His nature and achievements were much richer
- and more complex than that, and they cry out for history's
- healing revisionism.
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